Against All Heresies was written at the request of Spanish merchants of Flanders to combat heretics and was first published in Paris in 1534. It is a description and criticism of more than 400 heresies, which had arisen in the Church since the time of the Apostles, presented in alphabetical order. It was the author's most popular work for which he received the nickname, "the scourge of heretics." King Philip II of Spain, whom the author served as chaplain, wrote in the preface of this work that this book is "such a useful and beneficial book for the Christian state."