Many people mistakenly believe that the American Civil War ended when Lee’s army evacuated Richmond and Petersburg after a long siege and surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, on 9 April 1865. Although the capitulation of the South’s premier field army foreshadowed the Confederacy’s ultimate demise, important operations took place concurrent with the struggle between Grant and Lee—operations which continued into May 1865. This brochure examines some of these events. The first half deals with the most important operation aside from the Petersburg-Appomattox Campaign in driving the Confederacy to its knees, the conquest of the Carolinas by General Sherman. The rest of the brochure describes how Federal commanders across the South compelled the Confederacy’s remaining organized military forces to lay down their arms in the spring of 1865.