Smart Materials for Sensors: The Role of Polyaniline and Metal Oxides

by Dr. Manjunatha B, Dr. Nagajyoti, Dr. Sangshetty Kalyane, Dr. Rahul Jabnoor

2025 · Xoffencer International Book Publication House

Polymers are giants molecule made through the repeat unit of several easy molecule Likes metallic cable is covered in artificial to lag Polymers broadly classified into two groups: 1) Normal polymer and 2) Artificial polymers. The synthetic or artificial polymers are widely used than any other materials in attendance are along the past of victorious growth, beginning the huge aid of abundant populace [2] Alan’s G. MacDiarmid’s and. J. Heeger’s, Hideki’s Shirakawa’s [3] Year 1997 got award in the year 200 they got Nobel prize in Chemistry’s Polymer is considering contain wonderful application special areas, mainly electronically business. owing small thickness, high- quality process abilities resistancing decay thrilling forecast these polymers fabricated.

Instant Insights: Improving crop nutrient use efficiency

by Prof Ulrike Mathesius, Dr Jian Jin, Dr Yansheng Li, Dr Michelle Watt, Prof J. F. Angus, Dr Ajit S. Nehe, Prof M. John Foulkes, Jacques Le Gouis, Prof Malcolm J. Hawkesford

2021 · Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing

This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on improving crop nutrient use efficiency. The first chapter explores the relationship between rhizobacteria and plant roots, looking primarily at the recruitment of rhizobacteria by the plant to carry out particular functions, such as nutrient acquisition. The chapter highlights our current understanding of the molecular determinants of legume nodulation as well as challenges for improvements of biological nitrogen fixation in legumes and non-legumes. The second chapter considers the rising use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in agriculture and its role in the shrinking contribution of soil organic N. The chapter explores the impact of the inefficient management of N (low nitrogen-use efficiency) and the consequent developments of major environmental issues, such as pollution to groundwater, oceans and the atmosphere. The third chapter addresses key issues in using N fertilizers in wheat production, such as product cost and environmental impact. The chapter summarises the development of N-efficient cultivars and their economic benefits, as well as their role in reducing the environmental impact of excessive N fertilizer inputs, whilst maintaining respectable yields. The final chapter considers the use of breeding techniques, including genetic variability, to develop more efficient wheat varieties with improved traits related to nitrogen capture, nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen remobilization.