6 books found
This review focused on the primary literature that described, modeled, or predicted the probability of postfire mortality in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The methods and measurements that were used to predict postfire tree death tended to fall into two general categories: those focusing on measuring important aspects of fire behavior, the indirect but ultimate cause of mortality; and those focusing on tissue damage due to fire, the direct effect of fire on plant organs. Of the methods reviewed in this paper, crown scorch volume was the most effective, easiest to use, and most popular measurement in predicting postfire mortality in both conifer species. In addition to this direct measure of foliage damage, several studies showed the importance and utility of adding a measurement of stem (bole) damage. There is no clear method of choice for this, but direct assessment of cambium condition near the tree base is widely used in Douglas-fir. Only two ponderosa pine studies directly measured fine root biomass changes due to fire, but they did not use these measurements to predict postfire mortality. Indirect measures of fire behavior such as ground char classes may be the most practical choice for measuring root damage. This review did not find clear postfire survivability differences between the two species. The literature also does not show a consistent use of terminology; we propose a standard set of terms and their definitions.
by Marion Dowd, Robert Mulraney, James Bonsall
2024 · Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Combining archaeology, local and military histories, community recollections, and landscape studies, this groundbreaking study, the first excavation of a Civil War site in Ireland, facilitates a wider discussion of the role of dugouts in guerrilla warfare and offers a unique view on the Irish revolutionary period at a regional and national scale.
The thoroughly updated Fourth Edition of this acclaimed reference describes and illustrates the full range of pediatric disorders diagnosable by modern neuroimaging. This edition includes state-of-the-art information on the use of proton spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, and perfusion imaging in diagnosing metabolic disorders, brain tumors, abnormalities of cerebral microstructure, and abnormalities of blood flow. New entities have been added to the chapters on metabolic disorders, brain injuries, congenital malformations of the brain and skull, cerebellar disorders, brain tumors, phakomatoses, hydrocephalus, and infections. More than 2,400 images complement the text. A List of Disorders with corresponding page numbers enables readers to quickly look up a disease.