Human Reasoning

by Ruth M.J. Byrne, Jonathan St.B.T. Evans, Stephen E. Newstead

2019 · Psychology Press

Deductive reasoning is widely regarded as an activity central to human intelligence, and as such has attracted an increasing amount of psychological study in recent years. In this first major survey of the field for over a decade, the authors provide a detailed and balanced review of all the main kinds of deductive reasoning task studied by psychologists. Topics covered include conditional and disjunctive reasoning, the Wason selection task, relational inference and reasoning with syllogisms and quantifiers. Throughout the review, a careful distinction is drawn between the main empirical findings in the field and the major theoretical approaches proposed to account for these findings. Discussion of experimental findings is organized around three central questions: What is the extent and limitation of human competence in deductive reasoning? What factors are responsible for systematic errors and biases on reasoning tasks? How is human reasoning influenced by the content in which logical problems are presented? Four major classes of theory are discussed throughout the book. The long established theory that people have a mental logic comprised of formal rules of inference is contrasted particularly with the recently developed mental model theory of deductive reasoning. Explanations of many phenomena, especially biases, are also considered in terms of heuristic processes. Finally, consideration is given to accounts of content and context effects based upon the use of domain sensitive rules or schemas. The book ends with a discussion of research on deductive reasoning in the context of the current debate about human rationality.

Parvoviruses

by Jonathan Kerr, Susan Cotmore, Marshall E Bloom

2005 · CRC Press

This comprehensive reference work brings together for the first time information on every aspect of the parvoviruses in a single volume. It presents the new system of parvovirus classification, as agreed by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), and includes cutting edge information on the virology, molecular and cellular biology, immunology and clinical manifestations of infection with each known and proposed member of the family Parvoviridae. The book also describes the rapidly expanding basic and clinical science which underpins gene therapy applications using helper-dependent and helper-independent parvoviruses. The respected editorial group has drawn together renowned contributors from around the world to produce what will undoubtedly become the standard reference on the subject. It is essential reading for clinical or research virologists and microbiologists, infectious disease specialists, and public health specialists and laboratories.

Expanded, Contracted & Isomeric Porphyrins

by Jonathan L. Sessler, Steven J. Weghorn

1997 · Elsevier

Paperback. The porphyrins are a class of naturally-occurring macrocycles and are ubiquitous in our world. As such, they have been called the Pigments of Life. This auspicious designation reflects their importance in numerous biological functions. Indeed, life as we understand it relies on the full range of biological processes that are either performed by or catalyzed by porphyrin-containing proteins. Chlorophyll-containing photosynthetic reaction centers in plants, for instance, convert light energy into chemical energy while producing oxygen along the way. It is this oxygen, evolved from photosynthesis, that is transported, stored, and reduced by heme-containing proteins in many organisms, including mammals. Not surprisingly, therefore, these molecules remain of fundamental interest to chemists and biochemists. Indeed, they continue to be intensely investigated by researchers world-wide.Inspired by the importance of the porphyrins, a new research di

Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation E-Book

by Jonathan Himmelfarb, Mohamed H. Sayegh

2010 · Elsevier Health Sciences

Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation—a companion to Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney—covers all clinical management issues relevant to chronic kidney disease. Drs. Jonathan Himmelfarb and Mohamed Sayegh lead a team of expert contributors to present you with the latest advances in hypertensive kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, diabetes management, transplantation, and more. Apply the expertise of distinguished researchers and clinicians in the fields of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, critical care nephrology, and transplantation. Manage the full range of issues in chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and transplantation through comprehensive coverage of basic science and clinical tools. Gain clear visual understanding from illustrations, including diagnostic and treatment algorithms, line drawings, and photographs. Better manage your patients with up-to-date coverage on the latest advances in 13 new chapters including Hypertensive Kidney Disease, Vitamin D Deficiency, Diabetes Management, and more. Gain fresh perspectives from a revised editorial team led by Jonathan Himmelfarb—a young leader in the field of acute renal failure—and Mohamed Sayegh—a worldwide expert on kidney transplantation.