History of California: Early voyages ; The Jesuits ; The Franciscans ; The Spanish governors

by Theodore Henry Hittell

1885

General history of California.

The Kingdom of God Is at Hand

by Theodore Kallman

2021 · University of Georgia Press

In Kingdom of God Theodore Kallman illuminates the brief life of a Christian Socialist community founded by four men—a minister, and editor, a professor, and an engineer—on a worn-out cotton plantation just outside of Columbus, Georgia in 1896. While Christian Commonwealth only lasted until 1900, its combination of religious communitarianism and socialist ideology proved attractive to many. It was a place where women enjoyed a sort of political equality and where its school—open to all white students of Muscogee County—emphasized a critique of private property. Kallman explains how particular brand of Tolstoyan anarchism inspired by the Russian novelist’s philosophical treatise The Kingdom of God is Within You (1894) and Christ’s Sermon on the Mount took root in west-central Georgia and attracted attention from famous onlookers--Leo Tolstoy and Jane Addams included. In Kallman's capable hands, what appears to be merely a blip barely worth mentioning for historians of Georgia and the larger United States, instead emerges as a story that has much to teach us about Gilded Age American and provides necessary context for the surging interest in America's socialist past.

The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900

by Theodore M. Porter

1986 · Princeton University Press

Not since the invention of the calculus, if ever, has a new field of mathematics found such extensive application as statistics in the twentieth-century. This book presents thoroughly and lucidly the diverse nineteenth-century origins of the mathematical tool of our day. Emphasizing the debt of science to nonspecialist intellectuals, Theodore Porter describes in detail the nineteenth-century background that produced the burst of modern statistical innovation of the early 1900s. He shows that the natural and social sciences were surprisingly interdependent. Statistics arose as a study of society, the science of the statist, and the pioneering statistical physicists and biologists, Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Galton, each introduced statistical models by pointing to analogies between his discipline and social science. The author also examines significant philosophical issues raised by the development of statistics in the 1800s. For a time, the evident success of statistical social science was held to be inconsistent with human free will. Gradually a consensus was developed that the need for statistical methods arose from the diversity of phenomena, which precluded explanation in detail. Debates concerning the nature of statistical knowledge were central to the new indeterminism that began to emerge at the end of the century. -- from back cover.