The Masting of American Merchant Sail in the 1850s

by William L. Crothers

2014 · McFarland

This book describes the intricacies of the construction and fabrication more than 150 years ago of masts and yards installed in American merchant vessels, particularly those spars which were "built" or composed of multiple pieces bound together by iron bands. These were referred to as "made" spars as opposed to spars constructed from a single tree. It also contains instructions for developing the shape and proportions of various spars. Very little information is available on this subject. Generally, the external sizes of individual spars can be found but intimate details are sorely neglected. In addition, the book includes the spacing and location of masts in a ship, and the rake, and it discusses the types of wood that are most desirable in the construction of spars.

The 'Whig' View of Australian History and Other Essays

by Allan William Martin

2007 · Academic Monographs

Includes essays on topics such as federation and nationalism, the middle class in the 1950s, the first Vietnamese refugees, as well as all the essays on Robert Menzies that Martin wrote while writing Menzies' biography.